On Mac OS X Mojave python stands for python of version 2.7 and python3 for python of version 3. The same is pip and pip3. So, to upgrade pip for python 3 do this. Code of Conduct. Everyone interacting in the pip project’s codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the PyPA Code of Conduct. Pip is a tool for installing and managing Python packages. As well as Python, pip can be install on various operation systems: Linux, Mac, Windows, etc. In this post i am showing how to install pip on MacOS and how to install pip on Linux (Ubuntu and CentOS). Cool Tip: How to install specific version of a package using pip!Read More → Python: Install Pip. In 2020, we’re working on improvements to the heart of pip. Please learn more and take our survey to help us do it right. If you find bugs, need help, or want to talk to the developers, please use our mailing lists or chat rooms: Issue tracking. Discourse channel.
Historically MacOS came preinstalled with Python 2, however starting with Mac 10.15 (released in October 2019) this is no longer the case. And since Python 2 will no longer be officially supported as of January 1, 2020, you should really use Python 3 instead.
There are multiple ways to install Python 3 on a MacOS computer. The official Python website even recommends downloading it directly, however this approach can cause confusion around PATH variables, updates, and uninstalls. A better approach, in my opinion, is to instead use the popular package manager Homebrew which automates updates and juggling multiple versions of Python on a computer.
Is Python 3 already installed?
Before we start, make sure Python 3 isn’t already installed on your computer. Open up the command line via the Terminal application which is located at
Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal
.Then type the command
python --version
followed by the Enter key to see the currently installed version of Python.Note: The dollar sign, (
$
), indicates user input. Everything after is intended to be typed by the user followed by the Enter key. Any output, such as Python 2.7.17
in this case, does not have a dollar sign in front.In short: don’t type $
before your commands!It’s possible that Python 3 may have already been installed as
python3
. Run the command python3 --version
to check, however most likely this will throw an error.Install XCode
The first step for Python 3 is to install Apple’s Xcode program which is necessary for iOS development as well as most programming tasks. We will use XCode to install Homebrew.
In your Terminal app, run the following command to install XCode and its command-line tools:
Install Pip Macos Brew
It is a large program so this make take a while to download. Make sure to click through all the confirmation prompts XCode requires.
![Pip install pandas python 3 mac Pip install pandas python 3 mac](/uploads/1/2/9/2/129223164/588440553.png)
Install Homebrew
Next install Homebrew by copy/pasting the following command into Terminal and then type Enter:
To confirm Homebrew installed correctly, run this command:
Install Python 3
Now we can install the latest version of Python 3. Type the following command into Terminal and press Enter:
To confirm which version of Python 3 was installed, run the following command in Terminal:
Finally, to run our new version of Python 3 open an interactive shall by typing
python3
within Terminal:To exit the Python 3 interactive shell, you can type either
exit()
and then Return or type Control+d
which means hold both the Control and D keys at the same time.Note that it is still possible to run Python 2 by simply typing
python
:Virtual Environments
By default, Python packages are installed globally on your computer in a single directory. This can cause major problems when working on multiple Python projects!
For example, imagine you have Project A that relies upon Django 1.11 whereas Project B uses Django 2.2. If you naively installed Django on your computer, only the latest install would be present and available in that single directory. Then consider that most Python projects rely on multiple packages that each have their own version numbers. There’s simply no way to keep everything straight and not inadvertently break things with the wrong package versions.
The solution is to use a virtual environment for each project, an isolated directory, rather than installing Python packages globally.
Confusingly, there are multiple tools for virtual environments in Python:
- venv is available by default on Python 3.3+
- virtualenv must be installed separately but supports Python 2.7+ and Python 3.3+
- Pipenv is a higher-level tool that automatically manages a separate virtual environment for each project
On MacOS we can install Pipenv with Homebrew.
Then use Pipenv for any Python packages you wish to install. For example, if you want to work with Django 2.2.6, first create a dedicated directory for it on your computer such as in a
django
directory on your Desktop.Then install Django within that directory.
If you look within the directory there are now two new files,
Pipfile
and Pipfile.lock
, which Pipenv uses. To activate the virtual environment type pipenv shell
.There will now be parentheses around the name of your current directory which indicates the virtual environment is activate. To exit the virtual environment, type
exit
.The lack of parentheses confirms the virtual environment is no longer active.
Python Pip Not Found
Next Steps
Python 2 Install Pip
To learn more about Python, the books Python Crash Course and Automate the Boring Stuff are great resources. For free tutorials on web development with Python check out Learn Django.